Storage
SD cards, onboard flash and EEPROM. Where readings go when the WiFi is down and you still need the data.
SD and microSD Card Readers for ESP32: SPI, 1-bit and 4-bit
Two 3.3 V card reader boards with the SD bus brought out in full. What the two NC pins really are, which of SPI, 1-bit and 4-bit to use, what each measured, and the wiring for all three.
28. EEPROM Memory
First use of I2C: read/write EEPROM with Wire library; outcome: write a value (e.g. 123) to EEPROM, power off and on, read from the same address—data is still there, proving it survives power loss.
43. Project: EEPROM Settings
Project: save LED on/off state in EEPROM; outcome: button toggles LED and writes state to EEPROM; after power off and on, state is read from EEPROM and LED is restored.
EEPROM Memory
An AT24C128 I2C EEPROM on a TinkerBlock board: 16,384 bytes that keep their values with the power off, at address 0x50. VCC goes to your board's logic supply because the pull-ups end at VCC, each write takes up to 5 ms, a write wraps inside its 64-byte page, and each byte takes about a million writes.